Climate change is disruptive because humans have adapted to a narrow range of environmental conditions. Environment and climate change is increasing the frequency and intensity of the extreme weather and climate events that are affecting all the developing and low-income countries over recent years in the field of agriculture, forestry, livestock, fisheries, energy, tourism and insurance sectors. The socioeconomic inequalities have led to differential impacts of climate hazards on the common people, disadvantaged groups and vulnerable communities, and would eventually lead to increased poverty, food insecurity, displaced habitat and health problems.
The key factors affecting these climate change are industrial pollution, vehicular emission, deforestation, global warming, floods and natural calamities, riverbank erosion etc. The need to act on climate change has become the greatest potential cause of market disruption faced by public and private sectors alike, and is also the greatest catalyst for innovation for those who can harness it. Adaptation and resilience for climate-related natural disasters are now being taken up as large scale sustainable programs, integrated into either the urban or rural development plans. These adaptation measures are primarily targeted towards city resilience, access to water and shelter, protection of natural ecosystems and reduction in disaster risks.